SUPPLY CHAIN HANDBOOK

Wind power: materials, turbines, sites and maintenance

Prepared by IndustryAtlas Editorial principles & corrections

Materials and castings feed turbine integration, while sites shape foundations, installation, cables and maintenance. Onshore, fixed-bottom and floating offshore wind are different deployment contexts; not every branch is required in every project.

Most recent source review: 2026-10-05

Reading guide revised: 2026-10-30

Why does changing a wind-farm site change its engineering supply chain?

A turbine converts wind into electricity, while the site determines support, delivery and power export. Onshore projects need roads, foundations and lifting. Fixed-bottom offshore projects need seabed structures and marine installation. Floating projects add platforms, moorings and connections that accommodate motion. Blades, drivetrain and controls remain shared equipment functions, but construction and maintenance interfaces differ. Turbine manufacturing, marine engineering and project operation are therefore separate deliverables within one development.

Composites, castings and electrical components → Complete turbines
Composites form blades, structures carry loads, and drivetrain, generation and controls convert rotation into power. Turbine integration coordinates them for specified wind and loading conditions.
Turbines and site structures → Installed wind farms
Roads and cranes support onshore installation; ports and vessels support offshore work. Seabed foundations and floating platforms with moorings are alternative site branches, not universal requirements.
Collection, export and maintenance → Sustained generation
Cables and substations deliver electricity to the grid. Inspection, repairs and replacements maintain equipment; offshore services also require marine access and workable conditions.

What changes the choice?

Compare onshore, fixed-bottom and floating projects by site, support and installation before turbine ratings. Equal rated power does not imply equal foundation, cable, transport or maintenance requirements.

Sources for this overview

Wind power supply chain

Onshore, fixed-bottom and floating

Materials and components become turbines, combined with onshore or offshore construction, operations, grid connection and end-of-service work.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Start with shared equipment, then compare the three site routes. Developers, turbine makers, contractors and operators have distinct roles.

Blade and structural materials Wind turbine blades Large wind turbine castings Drivetrain and controls Turbine OEMs and assembly Wind turbine towers Onshore civil works Fixed-bottom foundations Floaters and moorings Offshore marine installation Offshore power cables Wind farm development Wind farm operations Wind maintenance and life extension Wind repowering and retirement

Distinction: Company examples do not establish purchasing contracts between every participant.

Sources

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Wind farm development

Sites, planning, financing and contracts

Developers organize site planning, investment and project delivery, coordinating equipment, construction and operations.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Orsted and Synera Renewable Energy are examples of Taiwan offshore developers. Swancor materials and SRE development are separate entries.

Distinction: Development, contracting, construction and operation are different milestones. Pipeline capacity is not operating capacity.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Orsted · Denmark · Example role · Development and investment
Published development, construction and operating activities; milestones are project-specific.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Synera Renewable Energy · Taiwan · Example role · Development and investment
Published development, construction and operating activities; milestones are project-specific.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Wind farm operations

Generation, monitoring and delivery

Commissioned wind farms generate electricity and deliver it through collection systems, substations and the grid.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

The three site routes share operational functions, but maintenance access and equipment arrangements differ.

Distinction: Operators and equipment OEMs have different roles. Rated capacity is not annual electricity output.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Orsted · Denmark · Example role · Wind farm operations
Published development, construction and operating activities; milestones are project-specific.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Synera Renewable Energy · Taiwan · Example role · Wind farm operations
Published development, construction and operating activities; milestones are project-specific.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Wind maintenance and life extension

Blades, parts, monitoring and access

Inspection, repair and replacement support turbine availability; offshore work also requires vessel access and suitable weather windows.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Tien Li publishes blade and turbine maintenance activities; OEMs also provide lifecycle services and upgrades.

Distinction: Life extension requires assessment. An individual repair does not establish an extended turbine lifetime.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Tien Li Offshore Wind · Taiwan · Example role · Blade and turbine maintenance
Inspection, repair and maintenance services.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Vestas · Denmark · Example role · OEM lifecycle services
Turbine service and upgrade offerings.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Wind repowering and retirement

Assessment, dismantling and recovery

Wind farms can assess continued operation, repowering or retirement, then separate materials for suitable recovery or disposal.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Metals and composite blades need different recovery routes. A recycling technology does not establish local processing capacity.

Distinction: Repowering, extension and retirement are alternatives rather than three mandatory sequential steps.

Sources

DOE | Wind end-of-service options

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Wind materials and equipment

Blade and structural materials

Fibers, resins, adhesives, steel and copper

Blades use fiber composites; towers and large structures need steel, while electrical systems require conducting materials.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-05

Role in the supply chain

Swancor has documented blade resin, adhesive and composite-material supply experience. Material choices depend on the design.

Distinction: Permanent magnets are used in some generator designs, not in every wind turbine.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Swancor · Taiwan · Example role · Blade materials
Documented resin, adhesive and composite supply.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Wind turbine blades

Molding, bonding and inspection

Composite materials are formed into aerodynamic blades and checked for structural and manufacturing quality.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-04

Role in the supply chain

Tien Li publishes blade manufacturing and repair activities. Materials, finished blades and complete turbines are separate roles.

Transport constraints after manufacture

Blade dimensions and support points constrain trailers, routes, terminals and lifting plans.

Blade transport and offshore installation involve distinct specialist roles.

Distinction: A blade manufacturer is not automatically a turbine OEM or wind farm developer.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Tien Li Offshore Wind · Taiwan · Example role · Blade manufacturing
Published blade production and repair activities.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Large wind turbine castings

Hubs and nacelle structural parts

Casting and machining produce large structural parts for integration into wind turbines.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

YGG supplies wind-related large castings. Castings, towers, forgings and offshore foundations are different products.

Distinction: Large casting capability does not establish complete turbine manufacturing capability.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

YGG · Taiwan · Example role · Large castings
Large structural castings for wind equipment.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Drivetrain and controls

Bearings, generators and converters

The drivetrain converts rotor motion into electricity, supported by power conversion, pitch, yaw and control systems.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Geared turbines use a gearbox; direct-drive machines connect the rotor to the generator. Component needs differ.

Distinction: Direct-drive turbines omit the main gearbox. These functions are not a universal bill of materials.

Sources

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Turbine OEMs and assembly

Design, integration, testing and warranty

Turbine OEMs integrate rotor, drivetrain, generation and controls for particular wind and site conditions.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Examples include Vestas, Siemens Gamesa and Goldwind. Siemens Gamesa has documented nacelle assembly in Taichung.

Distinction: Local nacelle assembly does not imply every component is locally made. Global examples are not all Taiwan suppliers.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Vestas · Denmark · Example role · Turbine integration and supply
Published turbine products and system solutions.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Siemens Gamesa · Spain (Siemens Energy group, Germany) · Example role · Turbine integration and supply
Turbine products and documented Taichung nacelle assembly.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Goldwind · China · Example role · Turbine integration and supply
Published turbine products and system solutions.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Wind turbine towers

Steel structures, support and transport

Towers support the nacelle and rotor and must meet height, loading, transport and installation requirements.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-04

Role in the supply chain

CS Wind and Chin Fong have a published Taiwan tower-supply example. Towers are separate from subsea foundations.

Distinction: A tower is not a monopile, jacket foundation or floating platform.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

CS Wind · South Korea · Example role · Tower supply cooperation
Tower cooperation documented in 2019; not a claim about every current project.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Chin Fong · Taiwan · Example role · Tower supply cooperation
Tower cooperation documented in 2019; not a claim about every current project.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Onshore wind

Onshore civil works

Roads, foundations and land cranes

Onshore projects need access roads, foundations, heavy transport and cranes to turn equipment into an operating wind farm.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Transport dimensions, road access and crane capacity influence construction planning and turbine installation.

Distinction: Onshore projects do not require offshore installation vessels or submarine export cables. Contracting arrangements vary.

Sources

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Fixed-bottom offshore wind

Fixed-bottom foundations

Monopiles, jackets and transition pieces

Fixed-bottom turbines transfer loads through seabed foundations selected for water depth, geology and turbine loads.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Taipower phase 2 identifies Century Iron & Steel and Century Wind Power in jacket, transition-piece and pile fabrication.

Distinction: Monopiles and jackets are alternatives. One project reference is not a supplier list for every wind farm.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Century Iron & Steel · Taiwan · Example role · Foundation fabrication
Published jacket, transition-piece and pile roles for Taipower phase 2.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Century Wind Power · Taiwan · Example role · Foundation fabrication
Published jacket, transition-piece and pile roles for Taipower phase 2.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

Taipower offshore phase 2 | Century foundation roles

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Offshore marine installation

Vessels, seabed works, lifting and tow-out

Marine contractors transport and install large structures and perform seabed work, connecting fabrication with offshore projects.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-04

Role in the supply chain

CDWE offers foundation, turbine and offshore-substation transport and installation. Floating projects also need port assembly, tow-out and hook-up.

Distinction: Heavy lifting and floating tow-out have different requirements. No single contractor is assumed to cover every task.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

CDWE · Taiwan · Example role · Offshore transport and installation
CSBC-DEME joint venture for foundations, turbines and offshore substations.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01
Cadeler · Denmark · Example role · Offshore turbine transport and installation
Offshore transport and installation of turbines and foundations.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-04

Sources

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Offshore power cables

Array, export and dynamic cables

Array cables connect turbines; export cables carry power toward shore. Floating systems also require motion-tolerant dynamic cables.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

Prysmian offers offshore cable systems and installation services. Offshore and onshore substation arrangements are project-specific.

Distinction: Power cables differ from communications cables; dynamic sections require suitable designs.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

Prysmian · Italy · Example role · Submarine power cables
Array, export and dynamic cables with engineering services.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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Floating offshore wind

Floaters and moorings

Floating offshore support systems

Floating turbines sit on platforms held in position by mooring lines and anchors, with designs accounting for wind and wave motion.

Entry sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Role in the supply chain

BW Ideol documents floating-foundation and mooring design, component supply and installation integration.

Distinction: Floating systems still need seabed anchoring and cables. Development plans do not prove commercial operation in Taiwan.

Company roles

Scope of these company examples

BW Ideol · France (engineering and operations) · Example role · Floaters and mooring integration
Floating substructures, mooring design and component supply.
Product / role source
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-01

Sources

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How the roles connect

Each connection appears once in this handbook. Classification describes a branch; technology links compare or relate approaches; service arrows point to the supported activity. Company examples do not establish a supply contract.

Connections, handoffs and sources
From / to	Handoff / relationship	Evidence
Wind power supply chain Turbine OEMs and assembly	Shared turbine equipment	DOE \| Wind manufacturing and supply chain 2026-10-01
Blade and structural materials Wind turbine blades	Fibers, resins and adhesives	Vestas \| 2019 Swancor blade-material agreement 2026-10-01
Blade and structural materials Large wind turbine castings	Structural material input	YGG \| Large casting supply 2026-10-01
Blade and structural materials Wind turbine towers	Tower structural materials	DOE \| Wind turbine components and grid connection 2026-10-01
Wind turbine blades Turbine OEMs and assembly	Blade assemblies	Tien Li \| Blade manufacturing and maintenance 2026-10-01
Large wind turbine castings Turbine OEMs and assembly	Large structural castings	YGG \| Large casting supply 2026-10-01
Drivetrain and controls Turbine OEMs and assembly	Design-specific drivetrain and controls	DOE \| Drivetrain and permanent-magnet options 2026-10-01
Turbine OEMs and assembly Onshore civil works	Onshore turbine installation	Vestas \| Onshore and offshore turbines and services 2026-10-01
Wind turbine towers Onshore civil works	Tower transport and lifting	DOE \| Wind manufacturing and supply chain 2026-10-01
Turbine OEMs and assembly Offshore marine installation	Offshore turbine delivery and installation	CDWE \| Offshore transport and installation 2026-10-01
Wind turbine towers Offshore marine installation	Offshore tower installation	Siemens Gamesa \| CS Wind and Chin Fong tower supply example 2026-10-01
Fixed-bottom foundations Offshore marine installation	Fixed-bottom foundation installation	Taipower offshore phase 2 \| Century foundation roles 2026-10-01
Floaters and moorings Offshore marine installation	Floating assembly, tow-out and hook-up	BW Ideol \| Floating foundations, moorings and installation 2026-10-01
Floaters and moorings Offshore power cables	Dynamic sections for floating systems	Prysmian \| Array, export and dynamic cables 2026-10-01
Onshore civil works Wind farm operations	Onshore delivery into operation	DOE \| Wind manufacturing and supply chain 2026-10-01
Offshore marine installation Wind farm operations	Offshore installation and delivery	CDWE \| Offshore transport and installation 2026-10-01
Offshore power cables Wind farm operations	Offshore collection and export equipment	Prysmian \| Array, export and dynamic cables 2026-10-01
Wind farm development Onshore civil works	Onshore project development	Vestas \| Onshore and offshore turbines and services 2026-10-01
Wind farm development Offshore marine installation	Offshore project coordination	Synera Renewable Energy \| Development, construction and operations 2026-10-01
Wind farm development Wind farm operations	Asset and operating management	Synera Renewable Energy \| Development, construction and operations 2026-10-01
Wind maintenance and life extension Wind farm operations	Ongoing inspection and repair	Tien Li \| Blade manufacturing and maintenance 2026-10-01
Wind farm operations Wind repowering and retirement	End-of-service assessment	DOE \| Wind end-of-service options 2026-10-01
Wind repowering and retirement Turbine OEMs and assembly	Optional turbine repowering	DOE \| Wind end-of-service options 2026-10-01
Wind farm operations Power grids and dispatch	Electricity delivered to the grid	DOE \| Wind turbine components and grid connection 2026-10-01
Substation equipment Wind farm operations	Substation and protection equipment	TECO \| Zhong Neng onshore substation EPC 2026-10-01
Wind blade and staging logistics Wind turbine blades	Blade transport and protection Scope note 1	Mammoet \| Wind transport and route engineering 2026-10-04
Wind blade and staging logistics Wind turbine towers	Tower component transport Scope note 1	DSV \| Wind turbine and blade logistics 2026-10-04
Wind blade and staging logistics Offshore marine installation	Staging for offshore installation Scope note 1	Cadeler \| Offshore wind transport and installation 2026-10-04
Structural composites Blade and structural materials	Suitable resins and composites for wind blades Scope note 2	Vestas \| 2019 Swancor blade-material agreement 2026-10-04
Composite profiles and strips Blade and structural materials	Qualified blade spar-cap strips Scope note 3	Swancor \| Carbon prepreg and pultruded materials 2026-10-05
Composite shells and sandwich structures Blade and structural materials	Qualified laminate and sandwich structures Scope note 3	Gurit \| PRIME infusion epoxies 2026-10-05

Connection scope notes

describes a role relationship, not a specific company contract. The arrow points to the supported activity, not a one-way cargo route.
This is a representative feed, process or material relationship, not a vendor contract; not every reagent or operation is shown.
Representative compatible material, formulation or process relationship; not a universal recipe or vendor contract.

Scope of company examples

Illustrative roles, not rankings. Company country does not identify every factory. Business examples do not establish contracts between all participants.

Why does changing a wind-farm site change its engineering supply chain?

Composites, castings and electrical components → Complete turbines

Turbines and site structures → Installed wind farms

Collection, export and maintenance → Sustained generation

What changes the choice?

Wind power supply chain

Role in the supply chain

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Role in the supply chain

Company roles

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Role in the supply chain

Company roles

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Role in the supply chain

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Role in the supply chain

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Wind materials and equipment

Role in the supply chain

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Role in the supply chain

Transport constraints after manufacture

Company roles

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Role in the supply chain

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Role in the supply chain

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Role in the supply chain

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Role in the supply chain

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Onshore wind

Role in the supply chain

Sources

Fixed-bottom offshore wind

Role in the supply chain

Company roles

Sources

Role in the supply chain

Company roles

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Role in the supply chain

Company roles

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Floating offshore wind

Role in the supply chain

Company roles

Sources

How the roles connect

Connection scope notes

Scope of company examples

Long-form guides (Chinese)

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