Server rack system integration
Mechanics, power, cooling, compute and interconnects converge in rack integration, followed by factory testing, delivery and site acceptance.
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SUPPLY CHAIN HANDBOOK
Server racks: mechanics, power, compute and delivery
Connect rack mechanics, power, cooling and interconnects with factory integration and site acceptance. Rack delivery depends on subsystems working together; a server or component specification does not describe the complete system.
Why is rack delivery more than putting servers into a cabinet?
Rack delivery combines compute, switching, power, cooling and management into one system. Mechanical interfaces enable installation, connection and service. Individually working devices can still encounter shared power, cooling or interconnect problems under combined load, requiring factory integration and site acceptance. Rails, busbars, cables and management systems matter because they support repeatable assembly, sustained operation and fault handling, rather than directly adding chip compute.
Frames, trays and mounting components → Serviceable mechanical structure
Frames carry the load, trays hold boards and cooling parts, and rails provide installation and withdrawal interfaces. Their dimensions must accommodate rear power, network and coolant connections.
Compute, switching, power and cooling → Integrated rack
Power shelves and busbars feed modules, interconnects move data, and cooling and management sustain operation. Integrators combine them into a compatible configuration and validate shared loading.
Factory validation and transport → Site installation and acceptance
Factory tests check configuration, wiring and operation. Site work connects facility power, cooling and networks, then completes software setup and tests within suitable weight and space limits.
What changes the choice?
Compare at the same validation boundary. PSU nameplate power is not redundant-system usable power, and individual tray tests cannot replace whole-rack acceptance under specified facility conditions.
Sources for this overview
- NVIDIA | MGX architecture and system partners
- Supermicro | Rack integration, testing and delivery
- Tom’s Hardware | NVIDIA lab visit and 47-minute claim
- Delta | 55 kW power shelf and power modules
- OCP | Acbel 33 kW shelf and 5.5 kW PSU modules
- LITEON and QCT | Vera Rubin joint showcase
- Ingrasys | GB300 NVL72
- Wiwynn | 2026 rack, power and interconnect designs
- Vertiv | Integrated rack infrastructure
Server rack integration supply chain
Platform architecture and rack specifications
Defines how compute, switching, mechanics, power and cooling fit together and provides a common design basis for system partners.
Role and technical challenges
NVIDIA MGX is a modular reference architecture implemented by OEMs and ODMs for specific platforms and customer requirements. Mechanical fit alone does not ensure power, cooling, interconnect or firmware compatibility.
Distinction: MGX, HGX and NVL72 are not interchangeable terms, and AI servers do not all use the same rack design.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- NVIDIA · United States · · Platform and reference architecture
MGX and NVL compute and switching architecture.
Product / role source
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Rack frames, chassis and server rails
Rack frames and mounting structures
Supports trays, power equipment and plumbing with defined mounting positions and service access.
Role and technical challenges
Chenbro has expanded from chassis into rack solutions; Delta and Vertiv also publish rack infrastructure products. Structure must accommodate equipment loads, layout, transport and installation.
Distinction: Supplying the rack structure does not establish responsibility for GPUs, software and the complete cluster.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- CHENBRO · Taiwan · · Rack mechanical solutions
2026 expansion from chassis into rack structures.
Product / role source - Delta Electronics · Taiwan · · Racks and infrastructure
MGX racks with power and cooling infrastructure.
Product / role source - Vertiv · United States · · Rack infrastructure
Mechanical, power, cooling and preintegration solutions.
Product / role source
Sources
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Server chassis and module trays
Chassis and trays locate boards and thermal components and interface mechanically with the rack and rear connections.
Role and technical challenges
Chenbro publishes MGX chassis in several form factors. Board, connector and cooling-loop changes affect space, tolerance and service requirements across generations.
Distinction: An empty tray, a populated compute module and a complete rack are different deliverables.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- CHENBRO · Taiwan · · MGX chassis and trays
Mechanical products for multiple form factors and platforms.
Product / role source
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Server slide rails and mounting kits
Supports equipment installation and pull-out servicing in coordination with the chassis, rack posts and mounting hardware.
Role and technical challenges
King Slide offers customized server rails, REPON publishes MGX-compatible solutions and Accuride offers server slides. Design challenges include limited side space, loaded deflection, operating force and reliable locking.
Distinction: Rails are one mechanical subsystem. King Slide documentation in a specific NVIDIA switch manual does not establish exclusive supply across all racks.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- king slide · Taiwan · · Server rails and mounting kits
Custom cloud-equipment rails; named installation documentation exists for specific NVIDIA switches.
Product / role source - REPON / Nan Juen International · Taiwan · · MGX-compatible rails
Published GB200/300 and Vera Rubin rail solutions.
Product / role source - Accuride · United States · · Server and enclosure slides
Published server slides; no specific NVIDIA supply inferred.
Product / role source
Sources
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Rack power and liquid cooling interfaces
Rack power shelves
A shelf integrates PSU modules, management and distribution interfaces for rack installation. Rated capacity and usable redundant power must be read separately.
Separate module and shelf ratings
Delta lists four 13.75 kW modules in a 55 kW shelf; Acbel lists six 5.5 kW PSUs in a 33 kW shelf. The LITEON/QCT 110 kW demonstration is also shelf-level.
- Usable power depends on input, cooling and redundancy configuration.
- Busbars and downstream converters depend on the selected architecture.
Server PSU modulesBusbars and power interconnectsRack backup and transient energy storageBoard DC/DC and core regulation
Distinction: Aggregate shelf ratings cannot be compared directly with one PSU. An 800 V architecture does not make every shelf an 800 V-output unit.
Company roles
Published power-shelf examples. Listed companies are not presumed to share all customers or jointly supply one rack.
- Delta Electronics · Taiwan · · Power shelves and conversion
Rack power and 800 VDC designs.
Product / role source - Lite-On · Taiwan · · High-power shelves
110 kW power shelf in a joint QCT showcase.
Product / role source - Acbel · Taiwan · · 33 kW power shelf
Six hot-swappable PSUs; distinguish aggregate capacity from redundancy configuration.
Product / role source
Sources
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Busbars and power interconnects
Distributes shelf output to modules through busbars, power cables and connectors.
Role and technical challenges
BizLink publishes MGX busbars and server power interconnects; Delta also offers rack distribution structures. Contact quality, temperature rise, space and interfaces affect reliability.
Distinction: A busbar distributes power; it is different from a power supply that converts voltage.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- BizLink · Cayman Islands (incorporation) · · Busbars and power interconnects
Published MGX busbars and connection products.
Product / role source - Delta Electronics · Taiwan · · Rack busbars
Rack distribution and related infrastructure.
Product / role source
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Rack backup and transient energy storage
Batteries and capacitors address different time scales, supporting interruption ride-through or transient load management.
Role and technical challenges
Delta publishes rack backup products; NVIDIA describes rack energy storage for smoothing rapid load changes. Capacity, controls and fault handling must match the purpose.
Distinction: BBUs, capacitors and facility UPS systems differ; one component rating cannot establish facility backup duration.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- Delta Electronics · Taiwan · · Rack backup power
Published battery backup shelf products.
Product / role source
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Rack compute, switching and interconnects
Rack high-speed connectors and cables
Connects compute and switch modules with designs matched to speed, reach, density and assembly.
Role and technical challenges
Amphenol publishes AI interconnect products; the Rubin design uses preintegrated and validated rear copper cable cartridges. Product capability is distinct from a confirmed platform supply relationship.
Choose cables by reach and interface
Within and between racks, compare DAC/ACC/AEC, AOC, ALC and transceivers with passive fiber. These are choices governed by rate, reach and interfaces, not mandatory sequential components.
Passive fiber cables and patch cordsActive optical cables (AOC)Micro-emitter optics / ALCHigh-speed copper: DAC / ACC / AEC
Distinction: Simplified tray wiring does not eliminate rack copper cabling, and CPO does not remove every short electrical link.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- Amphenol · United States · · High-speed connectors and cables
AI interconnect products; capability is not a confirmed NVL72 order.
Product / role source
Sources
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Compute trays and server modules
Integrates processors, memory, boards, cooling and management into a rack-mountable compute unit.
Role and technical challenges
System builders implement platform-specific boards and modules. Chip and HBM packaging are different stages from server assembly and can be traced through cross-category links.
Distinction: A compute tray is not one GPU; accelerator count, memory and cooling vary by system.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- Foxconn · Taiwan · · Ingrasys compute and rack systems
Foxconn subsidiary Ingrasys publishes GB300 NVL72 solutions.
Product / role source
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In-rack accelerator switch modules
Lets accelerators in multiple compute modules exchange data within a scale-up fabric.
Role and technical challenges
NVLink switch trays work with compute trays in NVIDIA NVL systems; external fabrics use Ethernet or InfiniBand according to network design.
Distinction: NVLink modules and Ethernet switches serve different roles. Ethernet vendors are not automatically NVLink suppliers.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- NVIDIA · United States · · NVLink switching architecture
Defines in-rack accelerator connectivity and switching.
Product / role source
Sources
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BMCs and equipment management
Management processors and firmware monitor equipment and support remote maintenance and fault handling.
Role and technical challenges
ASPEED supplies BMC processors, while system builders integrate firmware, networks and management tools with boards, sensors and operations.
Distinction: A BMC is not a GPU. Listing ASPEED products does not establish a particular chip in a specific NVIDIA rack.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- ASPEED Technology · Taiwan · · BMC processors
Remote management processors; no specific rack design-in asserted.
Product / role source
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From factory integration to site acceptance
Rack design and system integration
System builders combine compute, switching, mechanics, power, cooling and management into a customer-specific rack.
Role and technical challenges
QCT, Ingrasys, Wistron/Wiwynn and Supermicro publish rack-scale products or integration capabilities. Design, manufacturing, brand and site-service responsibilities vary by contract.
A documented collaboration
LITEON and QCT jointly demonstrated a Vera Rubin NVL72 solution at GTC 2026, combining a LITEON 110 kW power shelf with QCT system integration. This named demonstration does not establish contracts among other companies in this map.
Distinction: These companies offer different solutions; the list does not imply that they all assemble the same rack together.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- Quanta · Taiwan · · QCT system integration
Quanta subsidiary QCT jointly demonstrated a rack platform with LITEON.
Product / role source - Foxconn · Taiwan · · Ingrasys rack-scale systems
Foxconn subsidiary Ingrasys GB300 NVL72 solution.
Product / role source - Wistron · Taiwan · · Rack platforms with Wiwynn
Wiwynn publicly names Wistron in its Rubin platform work.
Product / role source - Wiwynn · Taiwan · · Cloud rack and system integration
Published liquid-cooled rack, power and interconnect integration.
Product / role source - Supermicro · United States · · Rack and cluster integration
Design, assembly, testing and delivery services.
Product / role source
Sources
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Factory rack testing and validation
Checks rack configuration and operation before shipment to identify compatibility, wiring and load-related problems.
Role and technical challenges
Supermicro describes multi-vendor interoperability, rack burn-in and test reports. Cooling and power must also meet the design and customer acceptance conditions.
Distinction: Factory testing does not eliminate site checks. Labels such as L10, L11 and L12 must be read with each vendor’s actual test scope.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- Supermicro · United States · · Rack burn-in and interoperability
Published rack testing, performance reports and delivery documentation.
Product / role source
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Delivery, installation and site acceptance
Delivers racks to a suitable site, connects power, cooling and networking, then completes project-specific software configuration and testing.
Role and technical challenges
Supermicro covers packing, delivery and deployment; Vertiv offers integrated infrastructure and commissioning. Facility preparation and rack manufacturing can run in parallel but require coordination.
Distinction: Power-on, hardware tests, cluster acceptance and production readiness are separate milestones.
Company roles
Scope of these company examples
- Supermicro · United States · · Delivery and site deployment
Delivery, software configuration and deployment tests.
Product / role source - Vertiv · United States · · Infrastructure and commissioning
Power, cooling, rack infrastructure and commissioning.
Product / role source
Sources
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